We'll start by looking at some anchors in time. That's what I call the things that we all agree on as fact. For example, we all agree that Jesus arrived in Bethany six days before Passover because John definitively provides that reference.
(Jn. 12:1) Then, "SIX DAYS BEFORE THE PASSOVER", Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was who had been dead, whom He had raised from the dead.
The village of Bethany was just two miles from Jerusalem, on the road from Jericho at the eastern base of the Mount of Olives. Jesus would apparently lodge there with his friends, Mary, Martha, and Lazarus for the next six nights
The first night of his arrival Jesus had dinner with his friends and Mary famously anointed Jesus' feet with oil and wiped them with her hair (Jn 12:2-8). Many people crowded Bethany to see Jesus and also to see Lazarus who was raised from the dead. (Jn 12:9).
Another anchor in time that we know for sure is that it was the very next day after arriving in Bethany that Jesus triumphantly entered Jerusalem on the colt of a donkey.
(Jn 12:12-15) "THE NEXT DAY" a great multitude that had come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, took branches of palm trees and went out to meet Him, and cried out:
"Hosanna! 'Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!' The King of Israel!"
Matthew, Luke and John do not give a time reference immediately after this event, however Mark does. Mark writes that after Jesus entered Jerusalem to the cheers of the crowd, he went to the temple and observed the goings on. As it became late that same day, Jesus went back to Bethany with the twelve disciples.
(Mk 11:11) And Jesus went into Jerusalem and into the temple. So when He had looked around at all things, as the hour was already late, "HE WENT OUT TO BETHANY "with the twelve.
The very next morning Jesus and the disciples left Bethany to return to Jerusalem. Jesus encountered the fig tree that had no fruit.
(Mk 11:12-14) " NOW THE NEXT DAY", when they had come out from Bethany, He was hungry. And seeing from afar a fig tree having leaves, He went to see if perhaps He would find something on it. When He came to it, He found nothing but leaves, for it was not the season for figs. In response Jesus said to it, "Let no one eat fruit from you ever again." And His disciples heard "it."
This account has great meaning for us, however it is not the point of this article so we will move to the next event.
The same day as the fig tree incident, Jesus returned to the temple where he overturned the tables of the moneychangers and cleansed the temple. We see this continuing the story in Mark's gospel.
(Mk 11:15) So they came to Jerusalem. Then Jesus went into the temple and began to drive out those who bought and sold in the temple, and overturned the tables of the moneychangers and the seats of those who sold doves.
When evening came Jesus left the city. By all accounts it is believed that he returned to Bethany with the twelve.
(Mk 11:18-19) And the scribes and chief priests heard it and sought how they might destroy Him; for they feared Him, because all the people were astonished at His teaching. "WHEN EVENING HAD COME, HE WENT OUT OF THE CITY".
So let's review our time anchors so far. These are all facts that are not in dispute and are consistent in any reputable commentary.
DAY 1 - SIX DAYS BEFORE PASSOVER (JN 12:1)
Jesus arrives in Bethany, has dinner with friends, Mary anoints his feet.
DAY 2
Morning: Triumphant Entry into Jerusalem riding donkey's colt.Evening: Jesus and the twelve disciples return to Bethany.
DAY 3
Morning: Jesus returns to Jerusalem with the twelve, encounters fruitless fig tree.Day: Temple cleansed.Evening: Jesus leaves the city.
Mark's gospel continues to give us a day-to-day chronology specifying that the very next morning after the temple cleansing Jesus would return to Jerusalem again traveling right past the very same fig tree that he had cursed the previous morning.
(Mk 11:20) "NOW IN THE MORNING", as they passed by, they saw the fig tree dried up from the roots.
This is when Jesus encountered the Jewish leaders in the temple who questioned him and tried to trap him in his words. This entire dialogue spanning from Mark 11:27 through Mark 12:44 takes place on the same day while Jesus is in Jerusalem. The text in Mark is clear that this is one day. It is possible that this spanned more than one day, but there is nothing in the text to indicate such.
Now we come to Mark chapter 13. Jesus and the disciples left the temple to return to Bethany at the foot of the Mount of Olives. Here Jesus gave what has come to be known as the Olivet Discourse. Those of us who have a history with the Armstrongist Churches of God are very familiar with these verses.
(Mk 13:1-4) Then" AS HE WENT OUT OF THE TEMPLE", one of His disciples said to Him, "Teacher, see what manner of stones and what buildings "are here!" And Jesus answered and said to him, "Do you see these great buildings? Not "one "stone shall be left upon another, that shall not be thrown down." Now as He "SAT ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES" opposite the temple, Peter, James, John, and Andrew asked Him privately,"Tell us, when will these things be? And what "will be "the sign when all these things will be fulfilled?"
Mark's next reference to time requires careful reading.
(Mk 14:1-2) After two days it was the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread. And the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might take Him by trickery and put Him to death. But they said, "Not during the feast, lest there be an uproar of the people."
The time reference here of "after two days" is specifically concerning the leader's desire to arrest Jesus prior to the Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread in order to avoid uproar. The very next text in Mark concerns the Bethany anointing that we have already seen occurred six days before Passover according to John 12:1. The reason Mark chooses to digress to this earlier event is because if forms the backdrop to why Judas Iscariot decided to betray Jesus which Mark describes in verses 10-11 that follow. Matthew 26:14-17 presents the same story as Mark and gives clarity to the timing of the betrayal. Judas Iscariot's betrayal then took place the day after the Olivet Discourse. After this we come to the next day, the day in which the Passover lamb is sacrificed and Jesus has his disciples prepare the meal
Now we encounter some differences in the wording for the Passover and Feast of Unleavened bread. But these differences are not relevant to our point.
Let's recap the remainder of our time anchors:
DAY 4
Morning: Jesus and disciples return from Bethany, encounter the withered fig tree.Afternoon: Jesus questioned by Jewish leaders.Evening: The Olivet Discourse.
DAY 5
Day: Judas deals with the leaders, betrays Jesus.
DAY 6 - PASSOVER
Morning: Peter and John prepare the Passover meal.Evening: Passover and the upper room discourse.
At first glance you might think the six days from Passover would not include Passover, but true to form the Jews do count inclusively. So here we are with all six days accounted for using the appropriate inclusive counting of time used by the Jews and also the gospel passages that definitively specify time references during the week of the crucifixion.
But we still haven't given any reason to cast doubt that the crucifixion could have been on Wednesday. But what else do we know for certain, without a doubt?
We know that the Jews kept the weekly Sabbath!
And we also know that moneychangers would not have been set up in the temple on the Sabbath day. That certainly would not be permitted. We also know that Jesus overturned the moneychangers on the day after he rode into Jerusalem on a colt.
If the crucifixion were on Wednesday, then based on our six days above Jesus would have had to overturn the moneychangers on the Sabbath. But that is impossible, because there would not have been moneychangers present on the Sabbath.
Wednesday - Crucifixion
Tuesday - Prepare Last Supper
Monday - Judas' betrayal
Sunday - Withered fig tree, questioning, Olivet discourse
Sabbath - Cursed fig tree, temple cleansed
So now...we have a math challenge on our hands, don't we?
In addition, if the crucifixion were on a Thursday, then based on our six days above Jesus would have had to make the Triumphal Entry on the Sabbath:
Thursday - Crucifixion
Wednesday - Prepare Last Supper
Tuesday - Judas' betrayal
Monday - Withered fig tree, questioning, Olivet discourse
Sunday - Cursed fig tree, temple cleansed
Sabbath - Triumphal Entry
(Dt 5:12-14) 'Observe the Sabbath day, to keep it holy, as the Lord your God commanded you. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day "is "the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your ox, "NOR YOUR DONKEY", nor any of your cattle, nor your stranger who "is "within your gates, that your male servant and your female servant may rest as well as you.
Now, I'm told there may be evidence that a donkey or colt could have in fact carried a man on the Sabbath without breaking the law. Fine. But consider the Mishnah prohibitions on gathering, untying, travel, and carrying objects, even small objects, in the open domain. Consider that one of the Dead Sea scrolls, dating back to the first century, prohibited even saving another man's life on the Sabbath. This would certainly explain why the Jewish leaders at the time condemned Jesus as a Sabbath breaker for healing a man and causing him to carry his mat on the Sabbath. Without a doubt their Sabbath observance at the time was very strict.
With these things in mind, does it make good sense to you and seem "likely" that Jesus could have traveled two miles from Bethany, rode a colt to Jerusalem to the shouts of the people as they took up and threw branches and palms on the road? All without any mention of the Sabbath by the same Jewish leaders who told Jesus to quiet his followers and stopped him along the way, who were looking for a reason to condemn him, and who had earlier attacked Jesus for healing a man on the Sabbath and for causing the man to carry his mat?
Now please go to your Bibles and look up the events that took place on what we have called DAY 4. The questioning of Jesus. Tax collectors at work. The treasury was open, people were putting money in the money box, even wealthy people depositing large sums of money. Is it "likely" that these things occurred on the weekly Sabbath? No. All of these days have travel and activities that call into question the likelihood that they could have taken place on the Sabbath without mention.
So my Wednesday crucifixion friends, you have a math challenge to account for those six days before Passover clearly noted in the gospel texts without requiring events to fall on the Sabbath day that were either impossible or unlikely to have occurred on the Sabbath.
There may be a few variations on how to reconcile the days, but all the various formulas end in question marks.
When looking at the dates and timing given in the gospel accounts, it is more likely that our Day 1 took place as sunset began the weekly Sabbath six days before Passover.
Friday - Crucifixion
Thursday - Prepare Last Supper
Wednesday - Judas' betrayal
Tuesday - Withered fig tree, questioning, Olivet discourse
Monday - Cursed fig tree, temple cleansed
Sunday - Triumphal Entry
Sabbath - Jesus rested at his friend's home
But let's face it. The Bible does not clearly specify the exact day of the week for these events. The texts that we quoted are very convincing and our dating is consistent with many very reputable commentaries. And certainly, at the very least, these texts should demonstrate that there is good reasoning behind the traditional Christian belief of a Friday crucifixion.
Now if you are still convinced of a Wednesday crucifixion, well that's okay. I have a very good friend in the church I attend that is also convinced of a Wednesday crucifixion. When we discussed it he smiled at me and said, "as long as we believe that Jesus was crucified, died and was buried, and was raised from the dead on the third day, and we put our faith in him, that is what really matters".
Well, I wholeheartedly agree!
But a Wednesday crucifixion...I still say not likely.
It is important that you understand; Everything on this blog is based on the current understanding of each author. Never take anyone's word for it, always prove it for yourself, it is YOUR responsibility. You cannot ride someone else's coattail into the Kingdom. ; ) ACTS 17:11
