In almost all human societies has been held belief in "possession" of humans by malignant spirits, and they were given the name of the devil, POLTERGEIST or another. The exorcists have traditionally been the only ones able to expel these spirits.The ancient Egyptians practiced rites to ward off the threatening powers that could stand in their way in this or the next world; in their religion magic spells oral character is complemented with consistent rituals injure, or section from a representation of being feared. IN SUMER, ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA a wide demonology accompanied by parallel rituals to ward off evil action also appears entities; one of the most widespread methods was to make magically pass the spirit to a vessel or other object, then threw fire or breaking. Also, some typical practices of religions ANIMISTS very primitive, eg, reduction of heads among the Jivaro, are also forms of exorcism intended to capitalize certain spiritual influences.
It is significant that almost all people who believe in the existence of evil superior beings they could take over certain places, or even people, to cause distress to mankind. We have abundant evidence of this PHENOMENON, which is characterized by manifestations HORRIFYING: VOICES hollow that seem to emerge from the 'possessed' body, moving furniture, improbable contortions... It is not surprising, therefore, that all cultures have sought an explanation for this phenomenon and a way to end it.The universality of these rituals and retention over time can not but make us reflect on the nature of the phenomenon makes them tick. Religions, moreover, have already given their own interpretation and have acted accordingly.
EXORCISTS E CHURCH
In the Middle Ages every possession was considered a physical manifestation of the devil, against which boiling water is even used.
However, he acknowledges having witnessed cases where the possessed 'emitted cries that were not human, vomiting objects and animals that had never swallowed, showing a force or ten people managed to contain. They flew around the room.Suddenly increased up to eight times weight. Roared like lunatics when they are approaching a sacred symbol. " Balducci usual consultant in this field, bishops, in whom currently has the responsibility to authorize exorcisms, duly advised by people whom the leading figures in psychology parapsicolog'ia.Seg'un expected and one of the foremost authorities on the subject, Catholic priest CORRADO BALDUCCI, a member of the Congregation "De Propaganda Fide" and specialist in problems of demonic possession, is only true one in a thousand cases that took over the Catholic Church.The Catholic Church has been the institution with greater intensity has been dedicated to helping improve the possessed and the formulas of exorcism intended for this purpose. JESUS himself was the first that gave accurate "orders" the devil to vacate the bodies of some possessed of his time. Since then, the principle of exorcism has changed little: the exorcist has to go to the demon who "lives" on the victim, and order, in the name of GOD, who leaves from there. If the occupant refuses spirit and the effects of possession worse, come into play the use of sacred symbols and the personality of the Exorcist, which is usually very strong and prone to spirituality. The most common exorcism formula used by the Roman Catholic Church dates back to 1614, and is contained in the "RITUALE ROMANUM" : exorcise you, immundissime spiritus, omnis incursio adversarii, omne phantasma, omnis legio, in nomine Domini nostri Jesu Christi. Eradicare et effugare ab hoc plasmata Dei. Ipse tibi imperat, qui te of supernis coelorum in inferiora terrae demermergi praecipit. Here is the rough translation: I exorcise thee, unclean spirit, every raid adversary, full spectrum, legion, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Let go and runs away from this creature of God. We ordered one who made you precipitate from the top of the heavens to the depths of the earth. The Catholic Church is not the only official religious institution which has been concerned about these phenomena: some Protestant churches, especially the Anglican also have a long tradition in this field. But also for its mysterious nature, other similar rites have been passed since ancient times, many times unorthodox, apart from the "official" religions channels. In Galicia, for example, these beliefs have survived, grassroots, in ceremonies conducted by "menci~neiros" characters halfway between the sorcerer and exorcist.The Posesos, Today
An exorcism in the church of San Vicino, in Sarsina (Italy). The iron collar is a relic of the saint, which took him to the neck as penance.
What is really alarming is that many incompetent or openly fraudulent intentions people have acquired the status of "exorcists".Hence, in recent years there has been more a case of tragic outcome: in 1975 the young German ANNELIESE MICHEL died of circulatory disorders, surrounded by strange rituals of exorcism; his parents and two priests involved in the incidents were tried and convicted of negligent homicide. In Britain were recorded between 1977 and 1979, several erroneous interventions that ended hospital admissions, also in 1981 has erupted in Italy a major scandal surrounding former Salesian DOMENICO BERNARDINI, founder of a center where, with episcopal permission, exorcising mentally unstable young women, who were demonized by suggestion, and he applied a series of violent practices m'agicas.Los possible cases of demonic possession are becoming more numerous, perhaps due to increased stress and the increasing consumption of tranquilizers and antidepressants. But although this explains some cases, there are phenomena that can justify any emotional disturbance. In addition, the frequency of occurrence makes these phenomena are increasingly subject to disclosure, what has particularly contributed to the cinema with a series of productions focusing on these topics ( "THE EXORCIST", "Carrie", etc.)These and other similar cases suggest one of the most delicate problems of the phenomenon of possession. What kind of "possessed" must undergo a full-blown exorcism and what medical or psychiatric treatment? In today's world are numerous, or alleged victims of spirits, demons or poltergeists want llamarles- like; few have any idea of the nature of the phenomenon that afflicts them, or who may be at risk.
EXORCISMS AND SPIRITS
The neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, who see in this engraving giving a lesson in your classroom La Salp^etri`ere hospital, managed to explain many cases of "possession" by a diagnosis of hysteria.
These two examples have, oddly, something important in common: both, once clarified in the light of history, turned out to be a combination of deliberate fraud and histeria.Antiguamente, any paranormal phenomenon received a religious treatment. Among the best known include the deplorable episode of "demons of Loudun" (1631), following which the priest URBAIN GRANDIER died in the fire, victim of political maneuvering and accusations of an Ursuline convent in state possession. Even more famous, if anything, was the long process of the CRUCIBLE. This case is famous for being one of the few witch trials that took place in North America where these persecutions were by no means least as frequent and bloody as in the Old World. But aside from the popularity that has given them the theater, "Posesas" of Salem have their place in history.Currently, however, it is not credible that may occur such cases, since the procedure of possible possessions is very different.From a strictly psychological, possession phenomena fit into the context of certain disorders called "cleavage", which allow the emergence of autonomous systems that manage to supplant the usual synthesis of personality: something like a crack through Hovering the magma of a powerful and unexpected region.Since the contribution that Dr. JEAN MARTIN CHARCOT (1825-1893), founder of modern neuropathology, made to study this phenomenon, they are grouped together under the picture of hysteria; but this does not prevent some cases overwhelm all efforts of medicine. Accompanying parapsychological phenomena has contributed to strengthening the supernatural aspect of the case, so many doctors powerless over these facts, do not hesitate to send them to the religious authorities for submission to exorcism.The problem of deciding on the nature of a phenomenon of possession is not new, as evidence the testimony of the Benedictine polygraph Fray BENITO JER'oNIMO FEIJOO (1676-1764), who in his "universal critical Theatre" dedicated one of his speeches to "Demon, possessed or lunatics. " Points out there many of them are profane, but it is nonetheless true if any (refers, among others, the case of a energ'umena was exorcised in the convent of Our Lady of Valvanera, not far from N'ajera, Logro~no).
The Anglican Church, which this priest belongs in full session of exorcism, often also authorize this kind of spiritual therapy.
However, FEIJOO, in dealing with exceptional forces attending the possessed, expressed thus: "This flying from the street to the ceiling or the floor at the height of the ceiling or placed on the domes of the trees, stepping on ears of the harvest without bending the rods, said many fanatics when it gives notice of them in distant lands. None of these things I saw so far. He who seeth not cast doubt he does preternatural agent. "On the other hand, however, it casts doubt on the good faith or the sagacity of the exorcists who take for supernatural phenomena humbug.
In this regard, refers to a certain possessed of Oviedo, apparently, spoke Latin unwittingly knew what was going on anytime, anywhere in the world and jumping as if nothing on the top of the tallest tree. The Exorcist fully believed in these miracles, but Feijoo did not budge; only saw in her a liar. The drove to his presence and told him that he had more effective than those used by other priests spells. He gave verses of VIRGIL, OVID and other poets' articulated ponderativo and vehement gesture that they should voice stronger impression, as indeed they did. " In addition, we applied a simple key-wrapped saying it was a relic. This caused the alleged demonic tremors and convulsions. He discovered that it was a fraud.
PERHAPS ALSO LIKE: Tips for practice OuijaThe attitude of this Benedictine scholar of eighteenth century demonology outside a superstitious acceptance, will considerably closer to the current view of the problem. Today, this phenomenon does not appear to be in decline. Instead, the practice of exorcism itself does seem doomed to disappear in the medium or long term, in parallel with the decline of religious faith is seen in society. However, it is difficult to believe that the title of "Exorcist", despite his sinister resonancias- may disappear altogether: rather will be implemented, as already now, people who, like some PARAPSYCHOLOGISTS and other experts show get increasingly better results in dealing with the paranormal.
